@Article{WeyhenmeyerMSTGABEHKKPRSW:2017:CiScSh,
author = "Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. and Mackay, Murray and Stockwell, Jason D.
and Thiery, Wim and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Augusto-Silva,
P{\'e}tala Bianchi and Baulch, Helen M. and Eyto, Elvira de and
Hejzlar, Josef and Kangur, K{\"u}lli and Kirillin, Georgiy and
Pierson, Don C. and Rusak, James A. and Sadro, Steven and Woolway,
R. Iestyn",
affiliation = "{Uppsala University} and {Environment and Climate Change Canada}
and {University of Vermont} and {Institute for Atmospheric and
Climate Science} and {Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and
Inland Fisheries} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
(INPE)} and {University of Saskatchewan} and {Innovation
Boulevard} and {Institute of Hydrobiology} and {Estonian
University of Life Sciences} and {Leibniz Institute of Freshwater
Ecology and Inland Fisheries} and {Uppsala University} and
{Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change} and {University
of California} and {University of Reading}",
title = "Citizen science shows systematic changes in the temperature
difference between air and inland waters with global warming",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
year = "2017",
volume = "7",
number = "43890",
abstract = "Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological
studies. The research usefulness of such projects is dependent on
applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted a
citizen science project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high
school students to examine the temperature difference between
surface water and the overlying air (T-w-T-a) as a proxy for
sensible heat flux (Q(H)). If Q(H) is directed upward,
corresponding to positive T-w-T-a, it can enhance CO2 and CH4
emissions from inland waters, thereby contributing to increased
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The students
found mostly negative T-w-T-a across small ponds, lakes,
streams/rivers and the sea shore (i.e. downward Q(H)), with
T-w-T-a becoming increasingly negative with increasing T-a.
Further examination of T-w-T-a using high-frequency temperature
data from inland waters across the globe confirmed that T-w-T-a is
linearly related to T-a. Using the longest available
high-frequency temperature time series from Lake Erken, Sweden, we
found a rapid increase in the occasions of negative T-w-T-a with
increasing annual mean T-a since 1989. From these results, we can
expect that ongoing and projected global warming will result in
increasingly negative T-w-T-a, thereby reducing CO2 and CH4
transfer velocities from inland waters into the atmosphere.",
doi = "10.1038/srep43890",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep43890",
issn = "2045-2322",
language = "en",
urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}